Rabu, 30 November 2011

Rangkaian sensor cahaya | Sensor cahaya dengan LDR

LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) merupakan salah satu komponen elektronika yang dapat berubah resistansinya ketika mendeteksi perubahan intensitas cahaya yang diterimanya sehingga LDR dapat juga dikatakana sebagai sensor cahaya, karakteristik dari LDR ini ialah LDR akan berubah resistansinya / tahanannya ketika terjadi perubahan cahaya yang dideteksinya.

Dengan karakteristik seperti itu, dengan menggunakan prinsip pembagi tegangan dalam merancang suatu sensor sederhana, dapat dibaca perhitungannya di artikel saya sebelumnya Prinsip Dasar Rangkaian Sensor, Rangkaian Sensor dengan Pembagi Tegangan. kita dapat merancang dan membuat rangkaian pendeteksi cahaya seperti pada bahasan sebelumnya telah dibahas rangkaian sensor suhu dengan thermistor.

Berikut rangkaian sensor cahaya

Rangkaian 
Rangkaian sensor cahaya | Sensor suhu dengan LDR

Komponen yang digunakan pada rangkaian sensor cahaya diatas

Baterry
LDR
Variabel reesistor
Transistor NPN 2N2222
Relay
Led 2 Buah

Penjelasan rangkaian sensor cahaya

Ketika LDR mendeteksi kenaikan suhu maka resistansi LDR akan mengecil dan ketika resistansi LDR lebih kecil dari resistansi variabel resistor sebagai pembagi tegangannya maka akan ada arus yang mengalir ke basis transistor, ketika itu juga relay akan aktif dan led merah [ sebagai indikator adanya cahaya] sebaliknya jika cahaya yang dideteksi LDR kecil maka resistansi pada LDR akan menjadi besar, dan ketika resistansi LDR lebih besar dari pembagi tegangannya dalam rangkaian kali ini variabel resistor maka tidak akan ada arus yang mengalir ke basis transistor, relay tidak aktif dan led hijau [ sebagai indikator tidak adanya cahaya ].
 Rangkaian sensor cahaya | Sensor cahaya dengan LDR
Rangkaian sensor cahaya | Ketika LDR tidak mendeteksi cahaya
Rangkaian sensor cahaya | Sensor cahaya dengan LDR
Rangkaian sensor cahaya | Ketika LDR mendeteksi cahaya

54 komentar:

  1. contoh aplikasinya apa ea??

    BalasHapus
  2. Banyak, contoh sederhananya dapt digunakan untuk Lampu Taman Otomatis dengan ditambah Relay pada output

    BalasHapus
  3. pada saat ada cahaya relay tidak aktif sehingga led hijau yg menyala, apa penyebabnya?

    BalasHapus
    Balasan
    1. o begini cara kerja rangkaian tu jika ldr tidak terkena cahaya maka resistansinya tinggi jadi kaki basis menjadi lebih negativ itu diatur dari trimpot dari basis ke negatif karena transisitor yang digunakan adalah type NPN maka diperlukan bias basis positif tapi karena basis negatif maka transistor tidak ada aliran arus atau disebut swit nya tidak tesambung maka tidakada tegangan spoel dari sumber negatifnya jadi relai tidak bekerja dan kontak nc nya yang menghubungkan positif ke led dan led ke negatif jadi yang menyala adalah led hijau menyala jika ldr terkena cahaya maka resistansi kecil sehingga ada aliran bias basisi positif maka transistor menyambung dan akan mengalirkan arus dari negatif ke positif di kolektornya melalui spoel relay dan relay bekerja memindahkan kontak induk dari nc ke no dan led merah yang menyala ..... silakan kalo kurang jelas email saja ke pro7fm@gmail.com www.esskitcom.blogspot.com

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  4. prinsip kerja relay kan No sama Nc jadi tinggl di atur aja,. saat No lmpu yg pertma nyala saat Np lmpu yg pertma mati lmpu yg kedua lgi yg nyala.

    BalasHapus
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  6. itu nilai thermistor sama RL1 nya berapa

    BalasHapus
  7. Wah kebetulan artikel saya juga membahas tentang sensor cahaya ldr.Sensor ldr memang sangat banyak manfaatnya dan pengaplikasiannya.

    BalasHapus
  8. Kalau pake relay 12V gimana gan?kan ada 8 pin ada kaki 1,4,5,8,9,12,13,14. itu cra masangnya gimana yang DC di kaki berapa aja dan yang AC di kaki berapa aja?
    Thanks

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  49. keren ini bisa juga di gabungin sama microcontroller, jadi bisa buat sensor otomatis gitu,, bisa juga buat robot. kalau saya pernah menggunakan sensor tekanan udara dan sensor cahaya nya saya pakai LDR.
    gak perlu pakai Rangkaian Power Supply cukup pakai battery aja.

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  50. Mas kenapa waktu saya coba itu ko lampunya 2"nya semua nyalanya sama warnanya merah itu knapa?

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